Justified True Belief

(●) First principles in logic are the most basic foundational rules or assumptions upon which logical reasoning is built. These principles are considered self-evident and do not require proof within the system...they are the starting points for all logical arguments and deductions. The most commonly recognized first principles in classical logic are:

(●) The Law of Identity: Everything is identical to itself. Any object or statement is the same as itself. A=A + "For the same thing to belong and not belong simultaneously to the same thing and in the same respect is impossible..." -Aristotle

(●) The Law of Non-Contradiction: A statement cannot be both true and false at the same time and in the same respect. This means that "A and not A" cannot both be true. ¬(A ∧ ¬A) + "It is impossible for the same thing at the same time to belong and not to belong to the same thing and in the same respect." -Aristotle

(●) The Law of Excluded Middle: For any proposition, either that proposition is true, or its negation is true. This means that there is no third (middle) option between a statement being true or false. A ∨ ¬A + "But on the other hand, there cannot be an intermediate between contradictories, but of one subject we must either affirm or deny any one predicate." -Aristotle